Bentuk kalimat aktif dan pasif mungkin sudah tidak asing dalam telinga kita.
Tak hanya dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dalam Bahasa Inggris pun juga dikenal kedua jenis kalimat ini.
Pada artikel kali ini, kita akan membahas mengenai kalimat pasif alias passive voice mulai dari definisi sampai juga contoh kalimatnya.
Definisi Passive Voice
Dilansir dari The Writing Center, passive voice merupakan “a passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence.
That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence.”
Dari definisi di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa passive voice subjek kalimat tidak melakukan aksi melainkan menerima aksi.
Misalnya dalam Bahasa Indonesia, kata kerja menjadi berawal di-, seperti: disapu, disetir, dimakan, dan sebagainya.
Hal ini juga berlaku dalam Bahasa Inggris sehigga kata kerja biasanya akan ditambahkan akhiran -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne. Contohnya:
- Some flowers are planted by my parents.
- My phone was stolen.
Rumus Passive Voice
Tak hanya mengubah kata kerja saja, passive voice ternyata memiliki rumus yang perlu kamu perhatikan dalam membuat kalimat.
Rumus ini lebih mengutamakan grammar sehingga kamu bisa menyesuaikannya dengan kondisi dan waktu yang kamu alami.
Baca juga: Adverb dalam Bahasa Inggris: Definisi, Fungsi, dan Contohnya
Simple present tense
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + is/am/are + V3. Contoh kalimat:
- He is beaten by all his competitors.
- Heart disease is considered the leading cause of death in the United States.
- I am thrown to the pool last night.
Simple past
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + was/were + v3. Contoh kalimat:
- She was already gone.
- We were confused by the unclear regulation that was announced on campus.
Simple future
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + will be + v3. Contoh kalimat:
- It will be made into a nice sweater.
- The leftover will be eaten by stray cats.
- My office mate will be placed in another city.
Simple past future
Tense ini memiliki rumus: S + would/should + be + V3. Contoh kalimat:
- I would be asked first in this job interview.
- These clothes should be delivered on time to their owner.
- My desk should be placed in the corner of my room.
Present continuous
Pada tense ini, kamu bisa membentuk kalimat dengan rumus: S + is/am/are + being + V3. Contoh:
- The tasks are being done by herself.
- The trophy is being won by our team.
- Our used clothes are being sold for charity.
Past continuous
Adapun rumusnya adalah s + was/were + being +V3. Contoh:
- My neighbor’s house was being robbed last night.
- The trees were being cut every day.
- She was being lifted by a police officer.
Future continuous
Rumus yang digunakan dalam tense ini adalah s + will be + V3. Contoh:
- This room will be cleaned at the moment.
- Those racks will be emptied for some new stuff.
- My favorite series will be released next summer.
Baca juga: Dongeng Bahasa Inggris Singkat 3-5 Menit untuk Anak Terbaru
Past future continuous
Rumus yang digunakan dalam tense ini adalah s + would/should + be + V3. Contoh:
- You should be promoted as a manager.
- The public pool should be cleaned daily in order to spread the virus.
- The donut shop near my house should be expanded to get more visitors.
Present perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + have/has + been + V3. Contoh:
- She has been betrayed by her own best friend.
- The grass has been mowed by the automatic mowing machine.
- The journal has been translated into 6 different languages.
Past perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + had + been + V3. Adapun contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- The children had been educated well by their mother.
- I had been deceived so many times when I was with him.
Future perfect continuous
Untuk menggunakan tense ini, ada rumus yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu s + would + have + been + v3. Adapun contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- The computer would have been hacked if they didn’t set up the new security systems.
- These fruits would have been rotten.
- Those patients would have been treated.
Past future perfect continuous
Tense ini memiliki rumus s + would/should + have + been + V3. Contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- She should have been married to a doctor.
- The fire would have been gone if the firefighter came on time.
Di bawah ini adalah beberapa passive voice dalam Bahasa Inggris yang dibedakan berdasarkan verb tenses.
| To Be | Past Participle | Tense | |
| The butter | is | kept here. | Present Simple |
| The window | was | broken. | Past Simple |
| The work | will be | done soon. | Future Simple |
| The bridge | is being | repaired. | Present Continuous |
| The cheese | was being | eaten by mice. | Past Continuous |
| Our work | has been | finished. | Present Perfect |
| The car | hadn’t been | used much. | Past Perfect |
| The house | would have been | built by then. | Future Perfect |
| The shelf | can’t be | reached. | Modal Verb – Can |
| The task | must be | finished now. | Modal Verb – Must |
| The lesson | may be | done. | Modal Verb – May |
| The car | ought to be | repaired. | Modal Verb |
Baca juga: Tips Presentasi Jitu dari Para Ahli yang Bisa Kamu Aplikasikan
Apakah kamu sudah paham mengenai passive voice? Mungkin kelihatannya sulit jika kamu hanya mengamati rumus dari tiap tense di atas.
Namun,jika metode belajarnya tepat seperti yang dilakukan oleh para native trainers di program WSE GO (Wall Street English Goes Online), kamu tidak akan mengalami kesulitan lagi.
Dengan kelas yang bisa kamu pilih sendiri, kamu akan tahu apa yang kamu butuhkan dan perlukan.
Kamu bisa memulai juga dengan mengetaui level Bahasa Inggris kamu. Yuk, isi kuis di bawah ini agar tahu tingkat Bahasa Inggris kamu!
